应用FTIR-SEM研究一类合成欧珀的微结构及其变彩成因机制   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

严俊  胡丹静  黄雪冰  彭秋瑾  刘晋华  张旭  张俭 《岩矿测试》2017,36(1):59-65

近些年来,相关人工合成欧泊的研究工作主要聚焦于天然与合成欧泊的鉴别与筛选,而相关合成欧泊的微结构、变彩机制及其中水的赋存状态的深入研究鲜见报道。本文通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对一类合成欧泊的微结构、结构缺陷进行较系统的研究。同时,结合对样品的热处理就该合成欧泊体色、变彩机制及其中水的赋存状态作了初步探讨。结果表明:该样品的红外光谱中,在约2900 cm~(-1)、1737 cm~(-1)处出现合成欧泊特征吸收,且在4000~6000 cm-1波段,合成欧泊相比天然欧泊的吸收峰更为复杂。合成欧泊的颜色由体色与变彩两者共同构成,该体色与存在于其微结构中准球状、粒径约205 nm的二氧化硅颗粒的间隙填充物直接关联,且在热处理条件下随着间隙物的析出而渐退。同时,该类合成欧泊的变彩归因于结构致色并由其内部SiO_2颗粒周期性排列而构成的三维的光子带隙结构所致。此外,在欧泊的微观结构发生重构前,变彩所呈现的颜色主要由准球状二氧化硅颗粒粒径与间隙填充物决定。  相似文献   

Pilot‐scale field validation of the long electrode electrical resistivity tomography method     

Dale F. Rucker  Nigel Crook  Danney Glaser  Meng H. Loke 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(6):1150-1166

A validation experiment, carried out in a scaled field setting, was attempted for the long electrode electrical resistivity tomography method in order to demonstrate the performance of the technique in imaging a simple buried target. The experiment was an approximately 1/17 scale mock‐up of a region encompassing a buried nuclear waste tank on the Hanford site. The target of focus was constructed by manually forming a simulated plume within the vadose zone using a tank waste simulant. The long electrode results were compared to results from conventional point electrodes on the surface and buried within the survey domain. Using a pole‐pole array, both point and long electrode imaging techniques identified the lateral extents of the pre‐formed plume with reasonable fidelity but the long electrode method was handicapped in reconstructing vertical boundaries. The pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays were also tested with the long electrode method and were shown to have the least favourable target properties, including the position of the reconstructed plume relative to the known plume and the intensity of false positive targets. The poor performance of the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays was attributed to an inexhaustive and non‐optimal coverage of data at key electrodes, as well as an increased noise for electrode combinations with high geometric factors. However, when comparing the model resolution matrix among the different acquisition strategies, the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays using long electrodes were shown to have significantly higher average and maximum values within the matrix than any pole‐pole array. The model resolution describes how well the inversion model resolves the subsurface. Given the model resolution performance of the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays, it may be worth investing in tools to understand the optimum subset of randomly distributed electrode pairs to produce maximum performance from the inversion model.  相似文献   

南海北部海底沉积物在温度变化下的三种声速类型          下载免费PDF全文

邹大鹏  卢博  阎贫  吴百海 《地球物理学报》2012,55(3):1017-1024

研究南海北部海底沉积物温度变化状态下声速性质,得出以下结论:(1) 南海北部海底沉积物具有声速温度正增长(STPIK)、声速温度负增长(STNIK)和声速温度波动(STWK)三种类型,后两种类型在世界其他范围内海域未见报道.(2) 声速温度正增长类型和声速温度负增长类型沉积物的温度变化对声速影响都具有十分显著的线性关系,但是原状样品由于组成不均匀性,增大了声速的非线性变化.(3)南海北部海底沉积物的孔隙度、密度等主要物理参数差异不明显,难以直接解释三类样品的温度-声速性质的不同.(4)对于STPIK类型沉积物,理论分析与实验结果的统一性,可以运用海底沉积物与海水声速比进行校正不同温度状态下的海底沉积物的声速.(5)对于STNIK和STWK类型沉积物,需要深入研究,从理论和实验角度揭开其机理和成因.海底沉积物声速-温度特性研究将为提高南海北部海域天然气水合物声学探测精度和准确度提供声速性质依据.  相似文献   

南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏模式研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

苏正  曹运诚  杨睿  吴能友  陈多福  杨胜雄  王宏斌 《地球物理学报》2014,57(5):1664-1674

南海北部陆坡神狐海域是我国海洋天然气水合物勘探开发研究的重点靶区,独特的水合物成藏特征,难以利用当前观测到的沉积速率和流体流动条件对其成藏机理进行解释和量化说明,对其形成演化模式和控制因素尚不明确.本文构建了海洋天然气水合物形成演化过程的动力学模型,模型的主控参量为海底沉积速率和水流速率,以此计算了神狐海域天然气水合物聚集演化过程,并与饱和度的盐度测试值进行对比.最后,在研究神狐海域地质构造活动和水合物成藏动力学基础上建立了神狐天然气水合物形成演化模式.认为神狐海域当前的天然气水合物是在上新世末—更新世早期断裂体系水合物基础上继承演化而来的,神狐海域天然气水合物形成演化具有典型的二元模式.第一阶段水合物形成发生在距今1.5 Ma之前构造活动形成的断裂体系中,高达50 m/ka的孔隙水流动携带了大量的甲烷进入水合物稳定带,导致了水合物的快速生成,在4万年内形成了饱和度达20%的甲烷水合物;第二阶段发生在1.5 Ma以来,泥质粉砂沉积使沉积体渗透率骤减,0.7 m/ka的低速率水流使甲烷供给不足,在海底浅层新沉积体中无法生成水合物,仅在水合物稳定带底部有缓慢的水合物继承增长,并因此形成了神狐海域当前观测到的水合物产出特征,而且水合物资源量仍在减少.  相似文献   

含孔隙、裂隙地层随钻多极子声波测井理论   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

许松  苏远大  陈雪莲  唐晓明 《地球物理学报》2014,57(6):1999-2012

储层岩石中普遍存在孔隙与裂隙,对钻井中的测井声波产生重要影响.基于孔、裂隙介质弹性波理论,导出了随钻声波测井的井孔声场表达式.据此考察了地层裂隙密度与含气饱和度的变化时井孔内随钻多极子模式波（斯通利波、弯曲波和螺旋波）的速度、衰减与灵敏度以及地层纵、横波的响应特征.裂隙密度与含气饱和度对模式波的速度频散与衰减都有影响,且两参数的值越大,影响越大.具体来说,速度对裂隙密度更敏感,而衰减对含气饱和度更敏感.具有"艾里相"特征的随钻偶极和四极子波在地层含气时产生强烈衰减,可以作为判断地层含气的一个明显指示.理论模拟与实际测井数据分析结果符合较好.  相似文献   

兰州市活动断层土壤气汞、氡地球化学特征场地试验   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张慧  张新基  苏鹤军  刘旭宙 《地震工程学报》2010,32(3):273-278

在兰州市主要活动断层上选择有断层露头或有钻孔资料的典型场地开展了断裂带土壤气异常特征及其影响因素的试验研究。结果显示断层带上方土壤气氡、汞不仅具有明显的峰值异常显示,而且其异常的形态特征对断层产状和断层性质有显著的反映,断层土壤气测量是活断层探测和研究的有效方法。结果还显示覆盖层厚度对断层带土壤氡、汞浓度的峰值形态及特征具有显著的影响。  相似文献   

Application of the Response Surface Method for Optimization of Headspace Liquid Phase Microextraction of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water     

Aide Sun  Wei Chen  Tao Lin  Qingcai Xu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(4):353-360

An optimized analysis method based on headspace liquid phase microextraction (HS‐LPME) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was proposed for the determination of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water. The response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of THMs for analysis by HS‐LPME. The temperature, extraction time and NaCl concentration were found to be important extraction parameters. The coefficient of determination (R²) for the model was 94.97%. A high probability value (P < 0.0001) for the regression indicated that the model had a high level of significance. The optimum conditions were seen to be: temperature 42.0°C, NaCl concentration 0.30 g/mL, and extraction time 28 min. The response variable was the summation of the THMs chromatography peak areas and the reproducibility of this was investigated in five replicate experiments under the optimized conditions. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) of the THMs ranged from 8.0–11.6%. The limits of detection (LODs), based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) of three ranged from 0.42–0.78 μg/L, and were lower than the maximum limits for THMs in drinking water established by the WHO.  相似文献   

武山1号泉流量、O_2+Ar、N_2、He的异常变化分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨兴悦  王益  王燕  廖祯祥  李树全  朱振家 《地震工程学报》2008,30(1):75-78

对武山台1号泉气体资料显示,在1997-1999、2003年流量有几次明显的突变,同时气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量与流量呈完全同步变化.本文分析了造成流量突变的原因,认为流量大幅度变化不是自然动态的.同时用试验方法验证了影响气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量变化的主要因素是流量、冲流时间和空气混入了泉水,并分析了它们之间的相互关系及变化特点.  相似文献   

天然气水合物模型的瞬变电磁响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许振奎  张胜业 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(5):1568-1574

在采用瞬变电偶极一偶极装置(ERER)装王的海洋瞬变电磁法对天然气水舍物进行正演模拟计算中,采用了先汉克尔变换(Hankel)后逆拉普拉斯变换法(G-S)的计算方法.由阿尔奇公式计算出水合物层按正弦规律变化的典型海洋地电模型.根据已知的地电模型计算天然气水含物的瞬变阶跃响应的一阶导数.从结果来看,水合物瞬变响应梯度的最小值最能反映出与水合物含量的关系,从中找出对天然气水合物做出了综合的资源评价夏解释工作的有用信息.  相似文献   

An Improved Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determination of C6–C12 Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Water     

Maryna Voyevoda  Wolfgang Geyer  Sibylle Mothes 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):164-170

In this work, investigations dealing with the determination of hydrocarbons in contaminated soil water are presented. The hydrocarbons under investigation range from low to high volatility compounds. A GC‐FID method was developed that due to its efficiency, routine suitability, relative rapidity, and low cost is suitable for the analysis of complex chemical mixtures of highly volatile hydrocarbons (with boiling points between 69 and 190°C). The standard used was a gasoline mixture with boiling points ranging from 100 to 190°C. For this standard, no supplementary preparation is needed and it is suitable for the whole range of hydrocarbons under investigation. The determination of the hydrocarbon content of the samples was performed applying univariate and multivariate statistical analysis to the experimental data. In the characterization of a contamination with highly volatile hydrocarbons of soil water originating from different depth layers from the chemistry location Leuna (Sachsen‐Anhalt, Germany), the advantages of a multivariate method are demonstrated in exemplary manner.  相似文献